The Use of Sedation Drugs in the Procedure of Administering Surfactant Without Intubation (LISA/MIST)

All infants fulfilling the inclusion criteria during the 12 months recruitment window will potentially be enrolled in this randomized controlled trial of LISA premedication. Written informed consent will be acquired from parents or legal guardians. After the consent, infants needing the LISA will receive premedication as follows: caffeine citrate according to the clinical routine at study site, and randomly, either ketamine or sublingual glucose 30%. This study is a pilot study and 60 patients that will be randomized 1:1. Ketamine will be given in slow intravenous injection over 60 seconds. Glucose 30% will be given sublingually in the volume of 1 mL. After two minutes (from the end of administration of the study drug or reference drug), laryngoscopy will be started. To assess the effectiveness of both types of sedation, patients will be assessed using two pain assessment scales - the COMFORT scale and the FANS scale. 10 minutes before the procedure, the first assessment in the COMFORT and FANS scales will take place. The next assessment on both scales will take place during the procedure.