Efficacy and safety of adjunctive therapy using esketamine or racemic ketamine for adult treatment-resistant depression: A randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority …

Abstract

… Ketamine is the racemic mixture of its two enantiomers, S(+)-ketamine (esketamine) and R(-)-ketamine (arketamine) (Andrade, 2017), but only the racemate and esketamine are commercially available, since these are the forms with the relevant anesthetic effect, currently …