MDMA in humans: factors which affect the neuropsychobiological profiles of recreational ecstasy users, the integrative role of bioenergetic stress

Abstract

Many recreational ecstasy/MDMA users display neuropsychobiological de. cits, whereas others remain problem free. This review will investigate some of the drug and non-drug factors which in. uence the occurrence of these de. cits. Acute and chronic MDMA usage are …